7. What happens to the carbohydrates we consume?

Carbohydrates are a major energy source, providing 4 calories of energy per gram. Energy from carbohydrates supports bodily functions such as organ movement, muscle activity, and brain function.

Here’s how the body processes carbohydrates:

- Digestion: It starts in the mouth, where enzymes begin breaking down the food. In the stomach, acids and enzymes continue the process before the carbohydrates reach the small intestine, where they are broken down into glucose molecules.

- Absorption: Specialized cells in the intestine absorb glucose into the bloodstream.

- Energy Use and Storage: When glucose enters the bloodstream, the pancreas releases insulin, which helps cells absorb glucose to produce energy. If energy needs are low, excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver for future use.

- Fat Storage: Once glycogen stores are full, any additional glucose is converted into fat and stored under the skin or in and around organs as visceral fat, which can increase the risk of health issues like diabetes, heart disease, and liver problems.

While fat storage was a survival advantage in ancient times, today’s abundant food supply and sedentary lifestyle have made it a cause of lifestyle-related diseases. The next post will explore these consequences in more detail.